Linux Commands

Command	Function
cd /blabla/	cd (change directory), changes the current directory to blabla
pwd	shows current directory
ls	shows all files and folders in the current directory in one line → confusing)
ll	= ls –al → shows all files and folders + owner + size, 1 item each line
alias	shows alias like „..“ for „cd ..“
cat [textfile]	displays the full file
tail [-f -n 20]	displays the last 20 lines of the file – extension „–f“ refreshes the file, extension „–n 20“ displays the last 20 lines
head	same a tail but it displays the first lines
touch [file]	create a file / refresh the timestamp
chmod 777 [file]	change rights of a file
chown user:group [directory] –R	change owner and group, -R changes the complete directory including files and subdirectorys
useradd –m	add a user
groupadd	add a group
cp source target [-r -a]	copy data, -r copy directory, -a keep the rights
mv source target	move file or directory
rm –r	removes a directory with all data in it / rmdir only removes empty directorys
cut –d : -f 1,3	: is the delimiter and 1 and 3 are the columns
echo “ ” > test.sh	deletes the entries of a textfile
which sutp	shows path of sutp
echo $?	0 = success of the last command
env	run a program in a modified environment
uptime	shows how long your machine is running
mkdir –p /abc/abc	create a directory including a subdirectory
rpm –ivh	install a rpm file (install verbose hash)
mount /dev/[cdrom, sr, hdc or tabtab]	mount VMWaretools

Debian Commands

Command	Function
apt-cache search [Package]	search for [Package] (example nano)
apt-get install [Package]	installs [Package]
apt-get update	update sources.list
apt-get upgrade	update all installed packages
apt-get remove [Package]	remove [Package]
apt-get purge [Package]	remove [Package] and its configs
dkpg –install [Package.deb]	installs offline packages
aptitude install [Package]	installs [Package] alt. apt-get
service [Service] start/stop	start/stop a service (rc for Suse)

Command	Function
apt-get moo	Try it out ;)
aptitude moo	Try it out and add aptitude -v[vvvvv] moo ;)

Command	Function
#!/bin/bash or #!/bin/sh	shebang
VAR=var	set VAR to var
$VAR	inserts var whereever $VAR is placed
case - esac	inserts case
if - fi	inserts if

Problem:
Running your script prompts interpreter error

Fix:
Open your script with vi and execute the following

 :set fileformat=unix

Problem:
Running your script requires more rights

Fix:
Make your script runable by executing the following code

chmod +x [scriptname].sh